Feasibility of borehole ambient noise interferometry for permanent reservoir monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

M. Behm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):563-580

The analysis of seismic ambient noise acquired during temporary or permanent microseismic monitoring campaigns (e.g., improved/enhanced oil recovery monitoring, surveillance of induced seismicity) is potentially well suited for time‐lapse studies based on seismic interferometry. No additional data acquisition required, ambient noise processing can be automatized to a high degree, and seismic interferometry is very sensitive to small medium changes. Thus there is an opportunity for detection and monitoring of velocity variations in a reservoir at negligible additional cost and effort. Data and results are presented from an ambient noise interferometry study applied to two wells in a producing oil field in Romania. Borehole microseismic monitoring on three component geophones was performed for four weeks, concurrent with a water‐flooding phase for improved oil recovery from a reservoir in ca. 1 km depth. Both low‐frequency (2 Hz–50 Hz) P‐ and S‐waves propagating through the vertical borehole arrays were reconstructed from ambient noise by the virtual source method. The obtained interferograms clearly indicate an origin of the ambient seismic energy from above the arrays, thus suggesting surface activities as sources. It is shown that ambient noise from time periods as short as 30 seconds is sufficient to obtain robust interferograms. Sonic log data confirm that the vertical and horizontal components comprise first arrivals of P‐wave and S‐waves, respectively. The consistency and high quality of the interferograms throughout the entire observation period further indicate that the high‐frequency part (up to 100 Hz) represents the scattered wave field. The temporal variation of apparent velocities based on first‐arrival times partly correlates with the water injection rate and occurrence of microseismic events. It is concluded that borehole ambient noise interferometry in production settings is a potentially useful method for permanent reservoir monitoring due to its high sensitivity and robustness.  相似文献   

Statistical facies classification from multiple seismic attributes: comparison between Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method and application in petrophysical inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Dario Grana  Xiaozheng Lang  Wenting Wu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):544-562

We present here a comparison between two statistical methods for facies classifications: Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method. The classification can be performed using multiple seismic attributes and can be extended from well logs to three‐dimensional volumes. In this work, we propose, for both methods, a sensitivity study to investigate the impact of the choice of seismic attributes used to condition the classification. In the second part, we integrate the facies classification in a Bayesian inversion setting for the estimation of continuous rock properties, such as porosity and lithological fractions, from the same set of seismic attributes. The advantage of the expectation–maximization method is that this algorithm does not require a training dataset, which is instead required in a traditional Bayesian classifier and still provides similar results. We show the application, comparison, and analysis of these methods in a real case study in the North Sea, where eight sedimentological facies have been defined. The facies classification is computed at the well location and compared with the sedimentological profile and then extended to the 3D reservoir model using up to 14 seismic attributes.  相似文献   

Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between the Magnitude Deviation of the Station and Site Response in the Fujian Digital Seismic Network     

Yang Gui  Xu Zhendong  Lin Binhua 《中国地震研究》2017,31(2):257-268

Using the records of 3,069 regional earthquake events from the Fujian Digital Seismic Network from October 2008 to December 2015,in which the magnitude of each of the events was measured by at least six stations,statistics are taken on the deviation between the magnitude of a single station and the average magnitude of the network. It is found that the magnitudes average deviation of each station is-0. 31-0. 68. Statistics are also taken for the period corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the record measured in each station for calculating the magnitude,and the dominant period gained is 0. 06s-0. 38s; site response of each seismic station is inverted using the Moya method,and it is found that the site response of 98 stations is in the bands of 1-20 Hz,suggesting that the site has an amplifying or suppressing effect on the signals in certain frequency bands;Considering the site response corresponding to the inherent 0. 8s period of the WoodAnderson pendulum seismograph,and comparing the magnitude deviation caused by the site response corresponding to the dominant period time of each station with the average magnitude deviation, we obtain that there is a good linear relationship between the magnitude deviation from the dominant period site response and the average deviation of the magnitude of each station,indicating that the magnitude deviation of a single station has a close relationship with the site response of the period corresponding to the maximum amplitude measured for calculating the magnitude.  相似文献   

汶川地震科学钻探3号井孔附近微震震源参数确定及其意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

叶庆东  丁志峰  王生文  余大新  郑晨 《地球物理学报》2017,60(7):2716-2732

基于微震监测仪器频带及波形记录的时频特征,我们筛选出汶川地震科学钻探3号井孔周围微震台阵2012年记录的218个t_s-t_p1 s的微震.通过盖戈法与和达法相结合确定微震震源的几何参数,发现这些微震分布大体呈NE-SW展布,与龙门山断裂带的走向基本一致.无论是采用《地震台站观测规范》中的量规函数(量规函数GF)还是李学政等(2003)的量规函数(量规函数LXZ),近震震级均与矩震级呈现出较好的线性关系,向震级小的一端延伸时都表现为M_LM_W,但采用李学政等的量规函数时该趋势更加明显.同时采用Brune和Boatwright震源谱衰减模型对观测震源谱的拟合表明拐角频率具有模型依赖性:基于Brune模型拟合得到的拐角频率大于基于Boatwright模型得到的拐角频率.无论基于哪一种模型,矩震级与拐角频率、破裂半径的对数线性关系均较弱,与应力降、视应力的对数则存在较好的线性关系.这些关系不支持应力降、折合能量、视应力为常数的观点,表明微震与大地震的震源物理过程存在差异.视应力与应力降成比例,比例系数小于0.5,表明破裂动力学模式符合SavageWood模式.近震震级与矩震级拟合关系Mw=a+bM_L中b的大小与应力降和地震矩的关系有关,△σ∝M_0~γ,则b=1/(1+γ),因此从b的大小可以粗略地判断应力降与地震矩的关系.本文对应于γ≈1的情况,与基于量规函数LXZ得到的近震震级与矩震级关系中系数b=0.53吻合,这说明仅从辐射能量的角度考虑量规函数LXZ较量规函数GF准确.  相似文献   

中国地震台网监测能力评估和台站检测能力评分(2008—2015年)          下载免费PDF全文

王亚文  蒋长胜  刘芳  毕金孟 《地球物理学报》2017,60(7):2767-2778

针对中国地震台网"十五"项目建成后的地震监测能力科学评估的需求，为进一步优化台网布局、提升边疆海域等重点地区监测能力，本研究利用"基于概率的完整性震级"（PMC）方法，对中国地震台网1001个台站以及2008-10-01-2015-09-17期间实际产出的地震观测资料进行了研究，分析了指定震级档下的检测概率P_E和最小完整性震级M_P的分布.除台网整体监测能力分布外，为直观地用单分值表述逐个台站的地震检测能力，本文发展了基于等振幅曲线的"地震检测能力评分表"，给出了国家台和区域台每个台站的地震检测能力评分统计特征和空间分布特征.此外，研究中还采用设定"最佳"地震监测能力目标函数的方式，模拟了通过改进观测条件可获得的地震台网监测能力提升的理论结果.研究结果表明，我国华北和东南沿海等东部地区地震监测能力较高，西部尤其是青藏高原南部地区M_p仅约为4.5，近海海域M_p仅约为3.5；从单个地震台站的运行效益角度，台网运行水平和地震观测资料的分析程度对台站的实际的地震检测能力影响显著，新疆等部分台站稀疏地区地震检测能力较高，而中等台站密度的贵州等部分区域相对较低；国家台的地震检测能力评分D_score系统优于区域台，新疆等西部边疆地区，以及福建等东南沿海地区的D_score明显高于台站密集的东部地区；模拟结果显示，在现有台站布局条件下，通过台站优化改造和提升运维管理水平，可显著提升对内蒙古西部、四川西部、甘肃-青海的北部交界地区、鄂尔多斯地块内部、贵州大部分地区，以及我国近海海域、朝鲜半岛北部和中南半岛北部地区的地震监测能力.  相似文献   

Crustal velocity structure of central Gansu Province from regional seismic waveform inversion using firework algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Yanyang Chen  Yanbin Wang  Yuansheng Zhang 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(2):81-89

The firework algorithm (FWA) is a novel swarm intelligence-based method recently proposed for the optimization of multi-parameter, nonlinear functions. Numerical waveform inversion experiments using a synthetic model show that the FWA performs well in both solution quality and efficiency. We apply the FWA in this study to crustal velocity structure inversion using regional seismic waveform data of central Gansu on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Seismograms recorded from the moment magnitude (M _W) 5.4 Minxian earthquake enable obtaining an average crustal velocity model for this region. We initially carried out a series of FWA robustness tests in regional waveform inversion at the same earthquake and station positions across the study region, inverting two velocity structure models, with and without a low-velocity crustal layer; the accuracy of our average inversion results and their standard deviations reveal the advantages of the FWA for the inversion of regional seismic waveforms. We applied the FWA across our study area using three component waveform data recorded by nine broadband permanent seismic stations with epicentral distances ranging between 146 and 437 km. These inversion results show that the average thickness of the crust in this region is 46.75 km, while thicknesses of the sedimentary layer, and the upper, middle, and lower crust are 3.15, 15.69, 13.08, and 14.83 km, respectively. Results also show that the P-wave velocities of these layers and the upper mantle are 4.47, 6.07, 6.12, 6.87, and 8.18 km/s, respectively.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript>9 Tohoku earthquake in 2011 in Japan: precursors uncovered by natural time analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Panayiotis A. Varotsos  Nicholas V. Sarlis  Efthimios S. Skordas  Mary S. Lazaridou-Varotsos 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(4):183-191

This paper reviews the precursory phenomena of the 2011 M _W9 Tohoku earthquake in Japan that emerge solely when we analyze the seismicity data in a new time domain termed natural time. If we do not consider this analysis, important precursory changes cannot be identified and hence are missed. Natural time analysis has the privilege that enables the introduction of an order parameter of seismicity. In this frame, we find that the fluctuations of this parameter exhibit an unprecedented characteristic change, i.e., an evident minimum, approximately two months before Tohoku earthquake, which strikingly is almost simultaneous with unique anomalous geomagnetic field variations recorded mainly on the z component. This is consistent with our finding that such a characteristic change in seismicity appears when a seismic electric signal (SES) activity of the VAN method (from the initials of Varotsos, Alexopoulos, Nomicos) initiates, and provides a direct confirmation of the physical interconnection between SES and seismicity.  相似文献   

1975年海城M_S7.3地震强地面运动模拟          下载免费PDF全文

赵宏阳  陈晓非 《地球物理学报》2017,60(7):2707-2715

地震强地面运动预测对工程的抗震设计，地震危害性分析以及减轻特定地区可能发生的大地震所造成的灾害具有重要的作用.本文根据辽宁省海城地区的地质资料和发生于1975年2月4日辽宁省海城市的M_S7.3地震资料，分别构造了海城地区的地下速度结构和海城地震的震源模型，并且使用可以准确描述地形起伏的曲线网格有限差分方法计算了海城地震的波场传播过程.通过对计算得到的波场快照、合成理论地震图以及地震烈度的分析表明：（1）震源模型、地下的速度结构和地形起伏对海城地震的波场传播模拟具有重要的影响，它们所产生的近断层效应、方向性效应和盆地效应明显；（2）通过计算得到的海城地震的理论烈度分布与通过震后调查得到的烈度分布大体符合，验证了本文所构造的震源模型和速度结构的合理性.  相似文献   

青藏高原及周缘地壳浅层构造应力场量值特征分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

姚瑞  杨树新  谢富仁  崔效锋  陆远忠  许兆义 《地球物理学报》2017,60(6):2147-2158

以"中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库"中的实测地应力数据为基础,合理筛选出地理空间范围为21°N-40°N,73°N—110°N的近2000条数据,深度范围0~2 km.通过将研究区内实测地应力扣除重力影响,并考虑数据样本数量沿深度分布不均匀的问题,分析构造应力场的作用.重力影响的扣除采用海姆假说与金尼克假说两种模式估算其下限与上限,给出了青藏高原及周缘及青藏地块、南北地震带北、中、南段上构造应力和构造差应力随深度分布的特征和量值范围,结果显示:(1)青藏高原及周缘地区最大水平应力σ_H、最小水平应力σ_h随深度D呈线性增加:σ_H=22.115D+5.761、σ_h=14.893D+3.269;最大水平构造应力σ_T、最小水平构造应力σ_t的量值估算范围分别为4.609σ_T15.522D+4.609、3.121σ_t6.366D+3.121(D0);构造差应力σ_T-σ_t=7.222D+2.492,地表值(D=0 km)为2.5 MPa左右,随深度增加以7.2 MPa.km~(-1)的梯度增大;(2)在测量深度范围内,青藏地块、南北地震带北、中、南段研究区σ_T、σ_t、σ_T-σ_t,随埋深均呈线性增大;D=1 km时,各地块σ_T的统计回归值中最大为30.1 MPa,最小为17.6 MPa,量值由大到小排序依次为:青藏地块、南北带北段、南北带中段、南北带南段;D=1 km时,各地块σ_T-σ_t,的统计回归值中最大为15.8 MPa,最小为8.9 MPa,量值由大到小排序依次为:青藏地块、南北带北段、南北带中段和南北带南段.总体表现为青藏地块强、南北带较弱的基本特征.(3)与南北带相比较,青藏地块地壳在从南向北的挤压作用下呈现出明显的"浅弱深强"特点.  相似文献   

Three‐term inversion of prestack seismic data using a weighted l2, 1 mixed norm          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel O. Pérez  Danilo R. Velis  Mauricio D. Sacchi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(6):1477-1495

We present a new inversion method to estimate, from prestack seismic data, blocky P‐ and S‐wave velocity and density images and the associated sparse reflectivity levels. The method uses the three‐term Aki and Richards approximation to linearise the seismic inversion problem. To this end, we adopt a weighted mixed l_{2, 1}‐norm that promotes structured forms of sparsity, thus leading to blocky solutions in time. In addition, our algorithm incorporates a covariance or scale matrix to simultaneously constrain P‐ and S‐wave velocities and density. This a priori information is obtained by nearby well‐log data. We also include a term containing a low‐frequency background model. The l_{2, 1} mixed norm leads to a convex objective function that can be minimised using proximal algorithms. In particular, we use the fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm. A key advantage of this algorithm is that it only requires matrix–vector multiplications and no direct matrix inversion. The latter makes our algorithm numerically stable, easy to apply, and economical in terms of computational cost. Tests on synthetic and field data show that the proposed method, contrarily to conventional l₂‐ or l₁‐norm regularised solutions, is able to provide consistent blocky and/or sparse estimators of P‐ and S‐wave velocities and density from a noisy and limited number of observations.  相似文献